In order to become a librarian, you almost always need to have a Master’s degree in library science (This is often shortened to the acronym MLS; also it is often called a Master’s in Library and Information Science).
First, to clarify, this requirement refers solely to librarian jobs, and there are many positions available within a library that will not need an advanced degree.
These include library assistants and technicians, where the qualifications will usually range from a high school diploma to a bachelor’s degree plus some previous experience and computer skills.
For librarian jobs, however, which involve experience and skills in advanced research, information literacy instruction, technical services and administration, the Master’s will be required the vast majority of the time.
How Long Does it Take to Become a Librarian?
Since it requires a bachelor’s degree and then a 1-2 year master’s program (both of which will be explained in more detail below!) the most common timeframe for completing your education to become a librarian is 6 years. However, this can vary depending on how quickly you move through both programs, and since your undergraduate degree does not have to be in anything related to librarianship (and in most cases it shouldn’t), you may view it more as a 2 year timeline to become a librarian, with a prerequisite of having completed a bachelor’s degree.
Keep in mind that librarian qualifications can vary depending on where you are located (or more importantly, intend to work). Other countries can have very different educational systems and credentialing processes for librarians. Be sure to check directly with colleges and universities as well as monitor the requirements of the job postings that appeal to you.
Education: How to Get a Library Degree
In order to apply to library school, you will need to have completed a bachelor’s degree. The good thing is there are no requirements on the major, and people come into librarianship from a wide variety of fields of study.
English and the humanities are some of the most common, but that doesn’t mean you should go for one of those.
In fact, sometimes specializing in a different area can differentiate you and make you a more attractive candidate. A degree in the sciences is often particularly desired in academic library situations, for example.
The GRE exam is often required to enter library school but not always, so be sure to check in with a particular school when you are looking to apply. You also may need a certain GPA (such as a 3.0 average or better) over a particular period of undergraduate study.
In addition, many graduate schools in Library and Information Science have some computer literacy requirements, where applicants must be competent in areas like database searching, word processing, and computer file management.
There are also other skills, including webpage creation and basic Unix, that are often learned early on in an LIS program. You by no means have to be a programmer or even a computer whiz to enter a library school program, but any technical skills you can acquire do help.
Most library schools are accredited by the American Library Association, and you should always check to make sure before applying, as a degree from an accredited school is almost always required in job applications.
Librarian Programs and Coursework
Library programs typically last from 1-2 years, although it is common for professionals who are switching careers or gaining new skills to take it at a slower pace while keeping their previous employment.
In addition to on-campus programs, there is an increasing amount of online programs where you can get your degree from a distance.
As far as actual coursework at library school, it depends on the particular program. Some are more heavily weighted towards issues in traditional librarianship while others embrace information systems, technology, and automation.
No matter where you go, however, you will have a general course in the foundations of library and information science and some coverage of the ethics and societal issues relating to access to information.
Most of the time, the majority of the courses will be electives, and range from special collections and the history of the book to database design, web architecture and computer programming.
Getting the Appropriate Qualifications for the Job
You should always keep in mind your preferred career path when taking courses. If you are interested in user services, for example, be sure to take courses in reference and instruction.
Many students supplement their classroom activities with work experience in local public academic or special libraries, either as graduate assistants, hourly staff, interns or even volunteers.
If you are interested in literacy and education, there also might be other paths that interest you other than librarianship.
Another route future librarians can pursue for education, aside from a Masters in Library Science, is online graduate programs in education and literacy.
Many library students who are successfully hired point to their work experience while studying as the most crucial for getting the job, not necessarily their coursework.
It may be difficult to balance coursework and employment at the same time, but do try to acquire as much on the job experience as you can to make sure your qualifications are as impressive as possible when you hit the job market.
Remember that volunteering, internships and class practicums are great ways to gain work experience and can sometimes provide you academic credit at the same time.
Additional Librarian Qualifications
In addition to the master’s degree, certain librarian jobs will require other qualifications.
Academic librarians specializing in a particular area, such as European Literature or engineering, will often need a bachelor’s or advanced degree in that subject area.
(In rare instances this is actually one example where the MLS degree may not be required, as in certain research universities scholars can be hired as a subject specialist librarian with a PhD in the subject area and just evidence of skills and knowledge of librarianship. Also, the MLS may be required for tenure and promotion.)
In another popular job area, law librarians will usually need to have a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree in addition to their library degree.
For most librarian jobs, however, the MLS will suffice.
Of course, more advanced positions will require previous library experience, and time worked while a student can sometimes be counted. Be sure to check directly with the employer if there is any confusion.
School librarians often have very different requirements, which vary by state. Only in some states do they require an MLS, but teacher certifications are usually required.
In general, the more technical skills you have, the better in terms of being qualified for librarian jobs. Good things to study are website design, databases, web programming and computer networking.
Finally, when it comes down to actually applying for a job, be sure you present your qualifications well.
For example, you should make sure if the hiring institution is looking for a resume or an academic CV, and you should take time to practice explaining your relevant qualifications and skills in a mock interview situation.